PENGARUH STRES KRONIK SELAMA KEHAMILAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN PERSALINAN PRETERM
Abstract
Persalinan preterm adalah munculnya kontraksi uterus dengan intensitas dan frekuensi yang cukup untuk menyebabkan penipisan dan dilatasi serviks sebelum memasuki usia gestasi yang matang, antara 20 sampai 37 minggu. Stres kronis adalah tekanan psikologis yang dialami dalam jangka waktu panjang atau terus menerus. Terjadinya stress yang berlangsung selama kehamilan akan mengakibatkan peningkatan dan pelepasan hormon yang berperan dalam persalinan secara dini, diantaranya CRH, ACTH, kortisol, prostaglandin, dan hormon lainnya yang berperan untuk menginisiasi permulaan persalinan. Hal inilah yang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan risiko kelahiran prematur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh stress selama kehamilan dengan kejadian persalinan preterm. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 responden yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu 20 responden dengan persalinan aterm cukup bulan dan 20 responden preterm. Penilaian stress kronis dinilai setelah persalinan dengan mengisi kuesioner. Kemudian dilakukan analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square.Adapun hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa stres kronik selama kehamilan memberikan pengaruh negative terhadap persalinan preterm dengan nilai p 0,001 dan dapat ditarik kesimpulan semakin tinggi stres yang dialami maka semakin tinggi risiko persalinan preterm.
Kata kunci : stres kronik; persalinan preterm; persalinan aterm
ABSTRACTPreterm labor is the appearance of uterine contractions of sufficient intensity and frequency to cause cervical thinning and dilation before reaching maturity, between 20 and 37 weeks.21 Chronic stress is psychological stress that is experienced over a long period or period of time.13 The occurrence of stress that occurs during pregnancy will result in an increase and the release of hormones that play a role in early labor, including CRH, ACTH, cortisol, prostaglandins, and other hormones that play a role in initiating the onset of labor.13 This is what can lead to an increased risk of preterm birth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stress during pregnancy on the incidence of preterm labor. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The number of samples was 40 respondents who were selected by consecutive sampling which were divided into 2 groups, namely 20 respondents with term delivery and 20 preterm respondents. Chronic stress assessment was assessed after delivery by filling out a questionnaire. Then performed a bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. The results of the study stated that chronic stress during pregnancy had a negative effect on preterm labor with a p value of 0.001 and it can be concluded that the higher the stress experienced, the higher the risk of preterm delivery
Keywords : Chronic stress; preterm labor; aterm labor
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