Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ketahanan Hidup Pasien Koinfeksi TB-HIV : Tinjauan Sistematis

Nadiyatul Husna

doi:10.30633/jkms.v15i2.2606

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ketahanan Hidup Pasien Koinfeksi TB-HIV : Tinjauan Sistematis

Nadiyatul Husna

Abstract

Koinfeksi Tuberkulosis (TB) dan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) merupakan tantangan kesehatan global yang signifikan. Pasien yang mengalami koinfeksi ini memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terhadap peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Pada Tahun 2022, kematian TB dengan HIV positif dilaporkan sebanyak 2,1 per 100.000 penduduk di dunia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketahanan hidup pasien koinfeksi TB-HIV. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review dan database yang digunakan yakni PubMed dan ScienceDirect dengan menggunakan beberapa kata kunci dengan Boolean operators “AND” serta menggunakan instrument PRISMA. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dari 15 studi yang ditelaah, terdapat 28 variabel yang berhubungan dengan ketahanan hidup pasien koinfeksi TB-HIV. 12 dari 15 studi menemukan bahwa jumlah CD4 yang rendah merupakan faktor yang ditemukan berhubungan dengan ketahanan hidup pasien koinfeksi TB-HIV. Sedangkan sepertiga studi lainnya menemukan bahwa status pengobatan ARV, usia lebih tua, dan jenis TB merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan ketahanan hidup pasien koinfeksi TB-HIV. Variabel yang paling banyak ditemukan berhubungan dengan ketahanan hidup pasien koinfeksi TB-HIV adalah jumlah CD4 yang rendah, kondisi tersebut mencerminkan adanya penurunan sistem kekabalan tubuh yang parah sehingga mengarah kepada prognosis buruk terhadap ketahanan hidup pasien koinfeksi TB-HIV.

Keywords

Faktor; Koinfeksi; Survival; TB-HIV

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30633/jkms.v15i2.2606