EFEKTIVITAS KOMBINASI VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DAN NIGELLA SATIVA DALAM REGULASI PROSES INFLAMASI DAN REMODELING JARINGAN PADA PENYEMBUHAN LUKA ULKUS DIABETIKUM PADA TIKUS
Abstract
Ulkus diabetikum merupakan salah satu komplikasi serius diabetes melitus yang ditandai dengan proses penyembuhan luka yang lambat akibat inflamasi berkepanjangan dan gangguan regenerasi jaringan. Penatalaksanaan luka secara konvensional sering kali belum mampu mencegah terjadinya komplikasi berat seperti infeksi dan amputasi, sehingga diperlukan alternatif terapi yang lebih efektif. Bahan alami seperti Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) dan minyak jintan hitam (Nigella sativa) mulai banyak diteliti karena memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi, antioksidan, serta kemampuan mendukung regenerasi jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh kombinasi VCO dan minyak jintan hitam terhadap ekspresi gen TNF-α dan MMP-2 selama proses penyembuhan luka pada model tikus ulkus diabetikum. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan 30 ekor tikus jantan galur Wistar yang diinduksi diabetes melalui injeksi streptozotocin intraperitoneal. Luka eksisi penuh berdiameter 10 mm dibuat pada bagian punggung tikus menggunakan punch biopsy. Tikus dibagi secara acak menjadi enam kelompok, yaitu kontrol diabetes, VCO, minyak jintan hitam, serta tiga kelompok kombinasi (C1: 50% VCO–50% minyak jintan hitam; C2: 70% VCO–30% minyak jintan hitam; C3: 30% VCO–70% minyak jintan hitam). Perlakuan diberikan secara topikal selama 7 dan 14 hari. Kadar gula darah puasa dipantau setiap minggu. Jaringan luka diambil untuk analisis ekspresi gen TNF-α dan MMP-2 menggunakan RT-PCR serta pemeriksaan histopatologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan signifikan ekspresi gen TNF-α pada seluruh kelompok kombinasi, dengan penurunan terbesar pada kelompok C3 baik pada hari ke-7 (rerata 0,111) maupun hari ke-14 (rerata 0,108). Sebaliknya, ekspresi gen MMP-2 tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok pada kedua waktu pengamatan. Temuan histopatologi juga mendukung hasil ini dengan menunjukkan perbaikan epitelisasi dan organisasi jaringan yang lebih baik pada kelompok kombinasi. Kesimpulannya, kombinasi VCO dan minyak jintan hitam secara sinergis mampu mempercepat penyembuhan luka diabetik terutama melalui modulasi jalur inflamasi dengan penekanan TNF-α, bukan melalui mekanisme remodeling matriks ekstraseluler yang dimediasi oleh MMP-2. Temuan ini menunjukkan potensi terapi topikal berbasis bahan alami dalam penatalaksanaan ulkus diabetikum.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30633/jkms.v16i2.30561
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