FAKTOR RISIKO DAN STRATEGI PENCEGAHAN NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS (NIHL) PADA PEKERJA DI SEKTOR INDUSTRI BERISIKO TINGGI: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko utama yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) pada pekerja di sektor industri berisiko tinggi, serta mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis berbagai strategi pencegahan NIHL yang telah terbukti efektif berdasarkan studi sebelumnya. Dengan menggunakan desain Systematic Literature Review (SLR) yang mengikuti panduan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), penelitian ini dilakukan melalui empat tahap utama: identification, screening, eligibility, dan inclusion. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang signifikan terhadap NIHL, termasuk paparan suara tinggi, durasi paparan yang berkepanjangan, lingkungan kerja yang berisik, penggunaan alat bantu pelindung yang tidak memadai, usia pekerja yang lebih tua, riwayat paparan suara yang signifikan, dan jenis pekerjaan yang secara inheren berisiko tinggi terhadap kerusakan pendengaran. Di samping itu, penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi sejumlah strategi pencegahan yang efektif, seperti pengurangan sumber kebisingan melalui modifikasi mesin dan prosedur kerja, penggunaan alat pelindung pendengaran yang sesuai dan efektif, rotasi pekerja untuk mengurangi durasi paparan kebisingan, pelatihan keselamatan dan kesehatan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran pekerja tentang risiko kebisingan, monitoring kebisingan secara rutin untuk memastikan tingkat kebisingan tetap dalam batas aman, serta desain lingkungan kerja yang memperhatikan akustik untuk meminimalkan paparan suara yang berbahaya. Temuan dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan berharga bagi pengelola industri dalam merancang dan mengimplementasikan kebijakan serta praktik yang lebih baik untuk melindungi kesehatan pendengaran pekerja, sehingga mengurangi insiden NIHL dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan keseluruhan di lingkungan kerja.
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