REVIEW : PERANAN SENYAWA FLAVONOID DALAM MENINGKATKAN SISTEM IMUN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Wiya Elsa Fitri, Adewirli Putra

Abstract


ABSTRAK

Dalam artikel review ini peneliti memaparkan peranan senyawa flavonoid dalam meningkatkan system imun tubuh dimasa pademi, flavonoid merupakan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada tumbuhan seperti buah buahan, sayur sayuran, tanaman obat yang memilik peran penting pada fisiologi tumbuhan, flavonoid memiliki manfaat biologis sebagai antioksidan, antiradang, antikanker, antibakteri, dan antivirus. Karena memiliki banyak manfaat, maka senyawa flavonoid potensial digunakan untuk meningkatkan system imun tubuh dimasa pandemic Covid-19. Faktor factor yang dapat mempengaruhi system imun serta beberapa tumbuhan yang menjadi sumber flavonoid telah dipaparkan dalam artikel ini. Sehingga dapat memberikan informasi pengetahuan serta solusi dalam mengahapi masa pandemi Covid-19 ini. 

Kata Kunci : Flavonoid; Sistem Imun; Virus, Covid-19; Pandemi

 

ABSTRACT

 

This review article, the researchers describe the role of flavonoid compounds in increasing the body's immune system during the spring, flavonoids are secondary metabolites found in plants such as fruits, vegetables, medicinal plants which have an important role in plant physiology, flavonoids have biological benefits such as activity. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antibacterial, and antiviral. Because it has the benefits that apply above, flavonoid compounds are potential to be used to boost the immune system during the Covid-19 pandemic. Factors that can affect the immune system as well as some plants that are sources of flavonoids have been described in this article. So that it can provide information, knowledge and solutions in dealing with this Covid-19 pandemic.

Keywords: Flavonoids; Immune System; Virus, Covid-19; Pandemic


Full Text:

PDF

References


Adinata, M. O., Sudira, I. W., & Berata, I. K. (2012). Efek Ekstrak Daun Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) Jantan. Buletin Veteriner Udayana, 4(2), 55–62.

Anggraeni, V. J., Ramdanawati, L., & Ayuantika, W. (2019). Optimization of Total Anthocyanin Extraction from Brown Rice (Oryza nivara). Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1338(1), 0–5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1338/1/012006

Aripin, I. (2019). Pendidikan nilai pada materi konsep sistem imun. Jurnal Bio Educatio, 4(1), 01–11. Retrieved from https://www.jurnal.unma.ac.id/index.php/BE/article/viewFile/1297/1207

Astuti, S. (2008). Isoflavon Kedelai Dan Potensinya Sebagai Penangkap Radikal Bebas. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Dan Hasil Pertanian, 13(2), 126–136.

Barreca, D., Mandalari, G., Calderaro, A., Smeriglio, A., Trombetta, D., Felice, M. R., & Gattuso, G. (2020). Citrus flavones: An update on sources, biological functions, and health promoting properties. Plants, 9(3), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030288

Bintari, S. H. (2015). The Effects of Isoflavone on Antioxidant Status in the Serum of Rats DMBA-Induced Breast Cancer and Treated With Tempe. In 1st UNNES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on Research Inovation dan Commercialitation for Better Life 2015 (p. 225). Retrieved from http://conf.unnes.ac.id/index.php/uicric/uicric2015

Chiang, L. C., Ng, L. T., Cheng, P. W., Chiang, W., & Lin, C. C. (2005). Antiviral activities of extracts and selected pure constituents of Ocimum basilicum. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 32(10), 811–816. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04270.x

Cho, W. K., Weeratunga, P., Lee, B. H., Park, J. S., Kim, C. J., Ma, J. Y., & Lee, J. S. (2015). Epimedium koreanum nakai displays broad spectrum of antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo by inducing cellular antiviral state. Viruses, 7(1), 352–377. https://doi.org/10.3390/v7010352

Croteau, R., Kutchan, T. M., & Lewis, N. G. (2000). Secondary metabolites - Chap 24 (Buchanan, Biochem & Mol Biol of Plants 2000), 1250–1318.

Dan, S., Olahannya, P., Husna, N. El, Novita, M., & Rohaya, S. (2013). Kandungan Antosianin dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ubi Jalar Ungu Segar dan Produk Olahannya. Jurnal Agritech, 33(03), 296–302. https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9551

Dayem, A. A., Choi, H. Y., Kim, Y. B., & Cho, S. G. (2015). Antiviral effect of methylated flavonol isorhamnetin against influenza. PLoS ONE, 10(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121610

Depeursinge, A., Racoceanu, D., Iavindrasana, J., Cohen, G., Platon, A., Poletti, P.-A., & Muller, H. (2010). Fusing Visual and Clinical Information for Lung Tissue Classification in HRCT Data. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 229, ARTMED1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j

Gao, L., Zu, M., Wu, S., Liu, A. L., & Du, G. H. (2011). 3D QSAR and docking study of flavone derivatives as potent inhibitors of influenza H1N1 virus neuraminidase. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 21(19), 5964–5970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.071

Goldwasser, J., Cohen, P. Y., Lin, W., Kitsberg, D., Balaguer, P., Polyak, S. J., … Nahmias, Y. (2011). Naringenin inhibits the assembly and long-term production of infectious hepatitis C virus particles through a PPAR-mediated mechanism. Journal of Hepatology, 55(5), 963–971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2011.02.011

Guo, W. W., Wang, X., Chen, X. Q., Ba, Y. Y., Zhang, N., Xu, R. R., … Wu, X. (2018). Flavonones from Penthorum Chinense ameliorate hepatic steatosis by activating the SIRT1/AMPK pathway in HepG2 cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(9), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092555

Haider, W., Ma, J., Hou, X. M., Wei, M. Y., Zheng, J. Y., & Shao, C. L. (2020). Natural Flavones and their Preliminary Structure–Antifouling Activity Relationship. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 56(2), 334–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-020-03023-0

Jeganathan, B., Punyasiri, P. A. N., Kottawa-Arachchi, J. D., Ranatunga, M. A. B., Abeysinghe, I. S. B., Gunasekare, M. T. K., & Bandara, B. M. R. (2016). Genetic variation of flavonols quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol in the Sri Lankan tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and their health-promoting aspects. International Journal of Food Science, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6057434

Kang, B. K., Lee, J. S., Chon, S. K., Jeong, S. Y., Yuk, S. H., Khang, G., … Cho, S. H. (2004). Development of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) for oral bioavailability enhancement of simvastatin in beagle dogs. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 274(1–2), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.12.028

Khachatoorian, R., Arumugaswami, V., Raychaudhuri, S., Yeh, G. K., Maloney, E. M., Wang, J., … French, S. W. (2012). Divergent antiviral effects of bioflavonoids on the hepatitis C virus life cycle. Virology, 433(2), 346–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2012.08.029

Kim, M., Kim, S. Y., Lee, H. W., Shin, J. S., Kim, P., Jung, Y. S., … Lee, C. K. (2013). Inhibition of influenza virus internalization by (-)-epigallocatechin-3- gallate. Antiviral Research, 100(2), 460–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.08.002

Landete, J. M. (2012). Updated Knowledge about Polyphenols: Functions, Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Health. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 52(10), 936–948. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.513779

Li, H., Jiao, X., Zhou, W., Sun, Y., Liu, W., Lin, W., … Zhu, H. (2018). Enhanced production of total flavones from Inonotus baumii by multiple strategies. Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 48(2), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2017.1365248

Liu, X., Zhao, C., Gong, Q., Wang, Y., Cao, J., Li, X., … Sun, C. (2020). Characterization of a caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase-like enzyme involved in biosynthesis of polymethoxylated flavones in Citrus reticulata. Journal of Experimental Botany, 71(10), 3066–3079. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa083

Lyu, S. Y., Rhim, J. Y., & Park, W. B. (2005). Antiherpetic activities of flavonoids against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in vitro. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 28(11), 1293–1301. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02978215

Maryam, S. (2016). Komponen Isoflavon Tempe Kacang Merah (Phaseolus Vulgaris L) pada Berbagai Lama Fermentasi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional MIPA, 363–368.

Ningsih, T. E., Siswanto, S., & Winarsa, R. (2018). Aktivitas Antioksidan Kedelai Edamame Hasil Fermentasi Kultur Campuran oleh Rhizopus oligosporus dan Bacillus subtilis. Berkala Sainstek, 6(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.19184/bst.v6i1.7556

Noorlaila, A., Nur Suhadah, N., Noriham, A., & Nor Hasanah, H. (2018). Total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activities of pigmented black rice (Oryza sativa l. japonica) subjected to soaking and boiling. Jurnal Teknologi, 80(3), 137–143. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v80.11135

Nurdjanah, S., Yuliana, N., Aprisia, D., & Rangga, A. (2019). Penghambatan Aktivitas Enzim Α -Glukosidase. Biopropal Industri, 10(2), 83–94.

Panche, A. N., Diwan, A. D., & Chandra, S. R. (2016). Flavonoids: An overview. Journal of Nutritional Science, 5. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.41

Paredes, A., Alzuru, M., Mendez, J., & Rodríguez-Ortega, M. (2003). Anti-Sindbis activity of flavanones hesperetin and naringenin. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 26(1), 108–109. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.108

Pietta, P. G. (2000). Flavonoids as antioxidants. Journal of Natural Products, 63(7), 1035–1042. https://doi.org/10.1021/np9904509

Prayudi Syamsuri, Lina Marlina, Sri Usmiati Christina Winarti, Sri Widowati, Setyadjit, S. Y. (2020). Bahan Pangan Potensial untuk Anti Virus dan Imun Booster. Bahan Pangan Potensial untuk Anti Virus dan Imun Booster. Retrieved from www.pascapanen.litbang.pertanian.go.id

Pririska et al. (2018). Antosianin dan Pemanfaatannya. Cakra Kimia Indonesia, 6(2), 79–97.

Puspita Sari, R. D. (2019). Pemanfaatan Isoflavon Dengan Bahan Dasar Kulit Kopi Robusta Dengan Penanda BMD (Bone Marrow Density) Pada Wanita Peri/Post Menopause. Biomedical Journal of Indonesia: Jurnal Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya, 5(3), 100–105.

Putra, B. R. S., Kusrini, D., & Fachriyah, E. (2013). Isolasi Senyawa Antioksidan dari Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L). Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Aplikasi, 16(3), 69–72. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.16.3.69-72

Quatrin, A., Pauletto, R., Maurer, L. H., Minuzzi, N., Nichelle, S. M., Carvalho, J. F. C., … Emanuelli, T. (2019). Characterization and quantification of tannins, flavonols, anthocyanins and matrix-bound polyphenols from jaboticaba fruit peel: A comparison between Myrciaria trunciflora and M. jaboticaba. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 78, 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2019.01.018

Rahayu, A. U., & Tjitraresmi, A. (2017). Aktivitas Farmakologi dari Senyawa Kalkon dan Derivatnya. Farmaka, 15(1), 1–4.

Ramasamy, S., Mazlan, N. A., Ramli, N. A., Rasidi, W. N. A., & Manickam, S. (2016). Bioactivity and stability studies of anthocyanin-Containing extracts from Garcinia mangostana L. And Etlingera elatior Jack. Sains Malaysiana, 45(4), 559–565.

Ren, F., Reilly, K., Kerry, J. P., Gaffney, M., Hossain, M., & Rai, D. K. (2017). Higher Antioxidant Activity, Total Flavonols, and Specific Quercetin Glucosides in Two Different Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties Grown under Organic Production: Results from a 6-Year Field Study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65(25), 5122–5132. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01352

Sembiring, B. B., & Manoi, F. (2016). Identifikasi Mutu Tanaman Ashitaba. Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah Dan Obat, 22(2), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v22n2.2011.%p

Song, J. M., Park, K. D., Lee, K. H., Byun, Y. H., Park, J. H., Kim, S. H., … Seong, B. L. (2007). Biological evaluation of anti-influenza viral activity of semi-synthetic catechin derivatives. Antiviral Research, 76(2), 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.07.001

Suraini, & Enlita. (2015). Uji Potensi Ekstrak Kayu Secang (Caesalpina Sappan L.I) Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida Ablicans. Jurnal Kesehatan Perintis, 2(4), 47–56.

Visintini Jaime, M. F., Redko, F., Muschietti, L. V., Campos, R. H., Martino, V. S., & Cavallaro, L. V. (2013). In vitro antiviral activity of plant extracts from Asteraceae medicinal plants. Virology Journal, 10, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-10-245

Wan, H., Yu, C., Han, Y., Guo, X., Ahmad, S., Tang, A., … Zhang, Q. (2018). Flavonols and Carotenoids in Yellow Petals of Rose Cultivar (Rosa ’Sun City’): A Possible Rich Source of Bioactive Compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(16), 4171–4181. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01509

Wang, L., Song, J., Liu, A., Xiao, B., Li, S., Wen, Z., … Du, G. (2020). Research Progress of the Antiviral Bioactivities of Natural Flavonoids. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 10(5), 271–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-020-00257-x

Widiasari, S. (2018). Mekanisme Inhibisi Angiotensin Converting Enzym Oleh Flavonoid Pada Hipertensi Inhibition Angiotensin Converting Enzym Mechanism By Flavonoid in Hypertension, 1(2), 30–44.

Xie, Y., Yao, X. C., Tan, L. H., Long, H. P., Xu, P. S., Li, J., & Tan, G. S. (2020). Trichocladabiflavone A, a chalcone-flavonone type biflavonoid from Selaginella trichoclada Alsto. Natural Product Research, 0(0), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1817920

Yang, T. H., Yan, D. X., Huang, X. Y., Hou, B., Ma, Y. B., Peng, H., … Geng, C. A. (2019). Termipaniculatones A-F, chalcone-flavonone heterodimers from Terminthia paniculata, and their protective effects on hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis. Phytochemistry, 164(December 2018), 228–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.05.019

Yasa, P. W. S. (2019). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Sistem Imun Wisatawan. Asia Book Registry, 27–37. Retrieved from https://bookregistry.asia/book/index.php/abr/article/download/5/5

Yulifianti, R., Muzaiyanah, S., & Utomo, J. S. (2018). Kedelai sebagai Bahan Pangan Kaya Isoflavon. Buletin Palawija, 16(2), 84. https://doi.org/10.21082/bulpa.v16n2.2018.p84-93

Zakaryan, H., Arabyan, E., Oo, A., & Zandi, K. (2017). Flavonoids: promising natural compounds against viral infections. Archives of Virology, 162(9), 2539–2551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3417-y


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.