ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO INTRINSIK YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PNEUMONIA PADA ANAK BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS ANDALAS KOTA PADANG

Abstract

Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi pada anak yang serius dan paling banyak menyebabkan kematian pada balita. Cakupan penemuan Pneumonia Puskesmas Andalas tahun 2015 sebesar 54,2%. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko intrinsik dan ekstrinsik dengan kejadian Pneumonia pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Andalas Kota Padang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan penelitian case control study. Populasi yaitu semua pasien anak balita usia 12-59 bulan yang didiagnosis menderita Pneumonia di Puskesmas Andalas terhitung bulan Januari-April 2016. Jumlah sampel adalah 102 orang. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan derajat kepercayaan 95% (p-value < 0,05). Analisis multivariat menggunakan analisis regresi logistik metode Backward LR. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan Pneumonia pada anak balita di Puskesmas Andalas Kota Padang adalah riwayat pemberian ASI ekslusif (p=0,023; OR=2,752 ;95%CI=1,795-3,858), sedangkan status gizi (p=0,821; OR=0,813; 95%CI=0,333-1,985), BBLR (p=0,318; OR=2,545; 95%CI=0,620-10,458), riwayat imunisasi dasar (p=0,321; OR=1,607; 95%CI=0,734-3,517), dan riwayat pemberian Vit.A (p=0,091; OR=3,231; 95%CI=0,954-10,940), tidak terbukti secara signifikan sebagai faktor risiko Pneumonia Balita di Puskesmas Andalas Kota Padang. Diharapkan kepada orang tua balita untuk mengetahui tentang pentingnya menjaga lingkungan hidup yang sehat.

Kata Kunci : Faktor risiko, Pneumonia Balita, Case Control

 ABSTRACT

          Pneumonia is one of the infectious diseases in children and the most serious causes of death in infants. The coverage of Pneumonia at Health Center of Andalas in 2014 amounted to 45.1%. The purpose of this research was determine the relationship risk factors of intrinsic and extrinsic with the incidence of pneumonia on under five years old children in Health Center of Andalas in Padang. This research was observational analytic study with case control study design. The population was all patients children aged 12-59 months who were diagnosed with pneumonia in Health Center of Andalas in January-April 2016. The total sample were 102 people. Data was analyzed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyzes. The bivariate analysis using Chi-square test with 95% confidence level (p-value <0.05). Multivariate analysis was using logistic regression analysis methods Backward LR. The results showed that the risk factors associated with pneumonia in children under five in Health Center of Andalas Padang City were a history of exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.023; OR = 2.752; 95% CI = 1.795 to 3.858), while the nutritional status (p = 0.821; OR = 0.813; 95% CI = 0.333 -1.985), low birth weight (p = 0.318; OR = 2.545; 95% CI = 0.620 to 10.458), basic immunization history (p = 0.321; OR = 1.607; 95% CI = 0.734 to 3.517), did not prove significant as a risk factor for pneumonia in children under five years old in Health Center of Andalas City of Padang. It was expected that parents of toddlers to learn about the importance of maintaining a healthy environment.Keywords: Risk factors, Pneumonia on Under Five Years Old, Case Control