PENGARUH MEROKOK TERHADAP HORMON TESTOSTERON PADA LAKI-LAKI USIA DIATAS 40 TAHUN
Abstract
Testosteron adalah hormon androgen pada laki-laki dan hormon ini akan menurun sesuai dengan bertambahnya usia. Penurunan kadar testosteron ini mulai terjadi pada usia 40 tahun. Dua puluh persen laki-laki berusia 60-80 tahun, dan tiga puluh lima persen laki-laki berusia 80 tahun mempunyai konsentrasi testosteron total di bawah batas normal yaitu 350 ng/dL. Penurunan kadar testosteron akan menimbulkan berbagai gangguan fisik dan psikologis. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan penurunan kadar testosteron salah satunya adalah perokok. Laki-laki perokok mempunyai risiko 2 kali lipat untuk mengalami penurunan kadar hormon testosteron. Rokok mengandung banyak bahan kimia yang sangat berbahaya bagi perokok aktif. Menurut WHO, ada 13 milyar perokok, dan Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-4 jumlah perokok terbanyak di dunia dengan jumlah sekitar 141 juta orang. Pada hasil survei MMAS ditemukan perokok memiliki resiko 24% terjadinya disfungsi ereksi akibat penurunan hormon testosteron. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh merokok terhadap hormon testosteron pada laki-laki berusia diatas 40 tahun. Penelitian ini observasional, dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan total sampling berjumlah 36 orang laki-laki berusia diatas 40 tahun dan perokok aktif. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan dari bulan April 2017 sampai Oktober 2017 di RW X Perumahan Mega Permai dan Laboratorium Biokimia FK Unand untuk pemeriksaan hormon testosteron. Analisa data diolah dengan sistem komputerisasi dengan uji statistic regresi linier sederhana derajat penolakan 5% ( p =0,05). Hasil penelitian tentang kebiasaan merokok didapatkan nilai mean 19,69 batang, median 18,50 batang, minimum 5 batang dan maximum 42 batang. Sedangkan hormone testosterone dengan nilai mean 11,303 nmol/L, median 10,250 nmol/L, minimum 7,5 nmol/L dan maximum 18,1 nmol/L. Terdapat pengaruh nilai signifikan kebiasaan merokok dengan hormone testosteron, di tandai nilai pada F hitung 30,309 dengan sig. 0,000 ≤ 0,05, artinya variabel kebiasaan merokok dapat mempengaruhi variabel hormone testosteron secara signifikan. Pengaruh kebiasaan merokok terhadap hormone testosterone adalah sebesar 68,7%.
Kata Kunci : Hormon Testosteron, Kebiasaan Merokok
SMOKING EFFECT ON TESTOSTERON HORMONES ON THE MAN AGES IN 40 YEARS
ABSTRACT
Testosterone is an androgene hormone in males and this hormone decreases with age. This decrease in testosterone levels begins at 40 years of age. Twenty percent of men aged 60-80 years, and thirty-five percent of men aged 80 years have testosterone concentrations below the limit of 350 ng / dL. Decrease in testosterone levels will cause various physical and psychological disorders. Many that cause a decrease in testosterone levels one of them is a smoker. Male smokers have a 2-fold risk of decreasing testosterone levels. Cigarettes contain many chemicals that are very dangerous for active smokers. According to WHO, there are 13 billion smokers, and Indonesian is ranked the 4th largest number of smokers in the world with about 141 million people. In the survey results found MMAS smokers have a 24% risk of erectile dysfunction due to decreased testosterone. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of smoking on testosterone in men over 40 years old. This study was observational, with cross sectional approach with sampling amounting to 36 men over the age of 40 years and active smokers. This research has been conducted from April 2017 to October 2017 in RW X Mega Permai and Biokimia Laboratory FK Unand for examination of testosterone. Was analysis processed by computerized system with simple linear regression statistic test of 5% rejection degree (p = 0,05). Result of research about smoking got mean value 19,69 stem, median 18,50 stem, minimum 5 rod and maximum 42 rod. While the hormone testosterone with a mean value of 11.303 nmol / L, median 10,250 nmol / L, a minimum of 7.5 nmol / L and a maximum of 18.1 nmol / L. There is of significant value of smoking with testosterone hormone, in mark value at F count 30,309 with sig. 0.000 ≤ 0,05, meaning that smoking variable can variable of testosterone hormone significantly. The of smoking on testosterone hormone is 68,7%.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
AA Yassin And G Doros. (2013). Testosterone Therapy In Hypogonadal Men Results In Sustained And Clinically Meaningful Weight Loss.Clinical Obesity : Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons. J Med 2014. Di Unduh Minggu Tanggal 10 April 2016.
Briggs, M.H. (2016). Cigarette smoking and infertility in men. Medical Journal of Austria,1, 616-617. Di Unduh Minggu Tanggal 10 April 2016.
Chandra, B. (2008). Metodologi penelitian Kesehatan, Jakarta : EGC
English, K.M., Pugh, P.J., Parry, H., Scutt, N.E., Channer, K.S., & Jones, T.H. (2001). Effect of cigarettes smoking on levels of bioavailable testosterone in healthy men. Clinical Science, 100,661-665
Ganong, WF. (2012). Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran, Edisi 22, Hal 396-417 dan 441-450, EGC : Jakarta.
Gandaputra, E.P., & Wratsangka, R. (2001). Andropause : kemungkinan terapi sulih Testosterone pada pria lansia. Universa Medicina, 20(1),49-55
Franck Mauvais-Jarvis. (2012). Estrogen and androgen receptors: Regulators of fuel homeostasis and emerging targets for diabetes and obesity. Trends in endocrinology and metabolisme: TEM. Author Manuscript. NIH Public Access.
Harman, S.M., Metter, E.J., Tobin, J.D., Pearson, J., Blackman, M.R. (2001). Longitudinal effect of aging in serum total testosterone and free testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Journal of Clinical Endrinology Metabolism,86,724-731.
Maryunani, A. (2010). Biologi Reproduksi Dalam Kebidanan, Edisi 1, Hal 159-184 & 233-240, CV. Trans Info Media : Jakarta.
Muller, M., Tonkelaar, I., Thijssen, J.H.H., Grobbee, D.E., & Van Der Schouw, Y.T. (2003). Endogenous sex hormones in men aged 40–80 years. European Journal of Endocrinology,149, 583–589
Potter&Perry. (2005). Fundamental Keperawatan, Eds. 4, Vol I & II, Hal : 523-552 dan 1420-1440, EGC: Jakarta
Robert L Rosenfield, MD And Brian Bordini, MD. (2011). Evidence That Obesity And Androgens Have Independent And Opposing Effects On Gonadotropin Production From Puberty To Maturity.Brain Research, Author Manuscript, NIH Public Access. J Med 2014. Di Unduh Minggu Tanggal 10 April 2016.
Sabine Rohrmann, Meredith S. Shiels, And Elizabeth A. Platz. (2010). Body Fatness And Sex Steroid Hormone Concentrations In US Men – Results From NHANES III. Cancer Causes & Control : CCC Author Manuscript NIH Public Access. J Med 2014. Di Unduh Minggu Tanggal 10 April 2016.
Shaarawy, M.. and Mahmoud, K.Z.(2012) Endocrine profile and semen characteristics in male smokers. Fertil Steril,38, 255-257
Stephanie Cabler, Ashok Agarwal, And Stefan S. Du Plessis. (2010). Obesity: Modern Man's Fertility Nemesis.Asian Journal Of Andrology. Medknow Publications. J Med 2014. Di Unduh Minggu Tanggal 10 April 2016.
Steven, S. (2008). Pengantar Riset Pendekatan Ilmiah Untuk Proses Keperawatan, Jakarta : EGC. Peterjemah Palupi Widyastuti.
Shalender Bhasin, MD, Guneet K. Jasjua, PHD, And Thomas G. Travison, PHD. (2014). Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin, But Not Testosterone, Is Associated Prospectively And Independently With Incident Metabolic Syndrome In Men. Diabetes Care American. Diabetes Association. J Med 2014. Di Unduh Minggu Tanggal 10 April 2016.
Svartberg, J, Midtby, M, Bona, K.H, Sundsfjord, J, Juakimses, R.M, & Jorde, R. (2003). The association of age, lifestyle factor and chronic disease with testosterone in men : the tromso study. European journal of endocrinology, 149, 145-152.
Tom R Trinick, Mark R Feneley, And Malcolm (2011). Carruthers International Web Survey Shows High Prevalence Of Symptomatic Testosterone Deficiency In Men. The Aging Male. Taylor & Francis. J Med 2014. Di Unduh Minggu Tanggal 10 April 2016.
WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body mass index for Asian population and itsimplication for policy and intervention strategies. (2013). The Lancet, 363,157-63.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30633/882220172017%25p1
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
e-ISSN : 2540-9611
p-ISSN : 2087-8508
Publish by Stikes Syedza Saintika Padang (Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka No. 228 Air Tawar Timur Padang)
Contact Person :
Ns. Honesty Diana Morika,M.Kep
Editor In Chief
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat
STIKes SYEDZA Saintika Padang
Phone: 082384992512
Wiya Elsa Fitri, M.Si
Editor
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat
STIKes SYEDZA Saintika Padang
Phone: 08116609525
Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka No. 228 Air Tawar Timur Padang - Sumatera Barat
Email: lppmsyedza@gmail.com
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
View My Stats