EKSPLORASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SENYAWA AKTIF EKSTRAK DAUN PALA (Myristica Fragrans) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Streptococcus Mutans PENYEBAB KARIES GIGI SECARA IN VITRO EXPLORATION AND TESTING OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM NUTMEG LEAF EXTRACT (Myristica fragrans) ON THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus mutans THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF DENTAL CARIES IN VITRO

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Karies merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi yang paling menonjol dengan angka kejadian 96,5%. Berbagai faktor dapat menimbulkan karies gigi salah satunya infeksi bakteri pathogen. Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) merupakan golongan bakteri yang teradapat dalam rongga mulut manusia yang bersifat kariogenik. Umumnya menangani infeksi bakteri S.mutans dengan pemberian antibiotik. Namun meskipun pemberian antibiotik ini dapat menyembuhkan penyakit keries gigi, penggunaan antibiotik dalam jangka panjang dapat memberikan dampak buruk bagi tubuh. Salah satu upaya pengendalian infeksi bakteri S.mutans yaitu penggunaan bahan alami yang mengandung senyawa antibakteri. Daun Pala (Myristica fragrans) merupakan bahan alami yang memiliki senyawa bioaktif yang bersifat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi senyawa aktif melalui skrinning fitokimia dan melihat aktifitas antibakteri ekstrak daun pala (Myristica fragrans) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S.mutans secara in vitro. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan metode difusi cakram kertas (Kirby-bauer). Sampel yang digunakan adalah bakteri S.mutans. Konsentrasi yang digunakan yaitu 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% , kontrol positif Amoxicilin dan kontrol negatif DMSO. Dalam kesimpulannya, penelitian ini sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengurangi resiko penggunakan antibiotik dalam mengatasi infeksi bakteri pathogen. Hasil penelitian didapatkan daun pala positif mengandung senyawa aktif metabolit sekunder yaitu flavonoid, tannin, saponin dan alkaloid. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan pada konsentrasi 20% 16,4 mm (kuat), 40% 17,5 (kuat) mm, 60% 17,6 mm (kuat), 80% 17,8 mm (kuat), kontrol positif (amoxicillin) 17,8 (kuat) dan kontrol negative DMSO 0. Uji ANOVA menunjukkan nilai P.Value = 0,000 (sig.< 0,05) bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikansi antar semua perlakuan dengan control positif. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun pala efektif menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S.mutans.

Kata kunci : Streptococcus mutans, Myristica fragrans, Karies Gigi, Fitokimia, Herbal

ABSTRACT

Dental caries is the most prominent oral health issue, with an incidence rate of 96.5%. Various factors can lead to dental caries, including infections by pathogenic bacteria. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a type of bacteria found in the human oral cavity that is highly cariogenic. Typically, S. mutans infections are treated with antibiotics. However, while antibiotics can cure dental caries, prolonged use may have adverse effects on the body. One alternative method to control S. mutans infection is using natural substances with antibacterial compounds. Nutmeg leaves (Myristica fragrans) are a natural source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial properties. This study aims to explore active compounds through phytochemical screening and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of nutmeg leaf extract (Myristica fragrans) against S. mutans growth in vitro. This laboratory experiment utilized the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). The samples used were S. mutans bacteria, with extract concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, along with positive control (Amoxicillin) and negative control (DMSO). In conclusion, this study is essential in reducing the risks associated with antibiotic use in treating pathogenic bacterial infections. The results showed that nutmeg leaves contained active secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. Antibacterial activity testing revealed inhibition zones of 16.4 mm (strong) at 20%, 17.5 mm (strong) at 40%, 17.6 mm (strong) at 60%, 17.8 mm (strong) at 80%, with 17.8 mm for the positive control (Amoxicillin) and 0 for the negative control (DMSO). ANOVA test results indicated a P-value of 0.000 (sig. < 0.05), confirming significant differences among all treatments compared to the positive control. It was concluded that nutmeg leaf extract is effective in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans.

Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, Myristica fragrans, Dental Caries, Phytochemistry, Herbal

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