DETERMINAN PERILAKU PENGOBATAN HERBAL PADA PASIEN DIABETES TIPE 2: SEBUAH SISTEMATIK LITERATURE REVIEW DENGAN PERSPEKTIF MULTIDIMENSIONAL

Budi Utami, Budiharto Budiharto, Katrin Katrin

Abstract


Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (DM-2) merupakan penyakit kronis yang mengalami peningkatan prevalensi secara global dan memberikan beban besar terhadap sistem kesehatan, ekonomi, dan kualitas hidup pasien. Seiring dengan keterbatasan terapi konvensional yang mencakup efek samping, biaya tinggi, dan aksesibilitas yang tidak merata, muncul kecenderungan yang meningkat di kalangan pasien untuk menggunakan pengobatan herbal sebagai alternatif atau pelengkap. Meskipun fenomena ini semakin umum di berbagai belahan dunia, pemahaman tentang faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan pasien dalam memilih pengobatan herbal masih terbatas dan tersebar dalam berbagai studi dengan konteks yang berbeda. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mensistematisasi faktor-faktor determinan yang memengaruhi penggunaan obat herbal oleh pasien DM-2, berdasarkan tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap penelitian-penelitian empiris yang telah dipublikasikan antara tahun 2013 hingga 2025. Pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) digunakan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Data diperoleh melalui pencarian di basis data Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, dan Google Scholar dengan kombinasi kata kunci yang relevan. Dari 98 artikel yang diidentifikasi, 12 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi setelah melalui proses seleksi dan analisis kualitas. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola dan klasifikasi determinan perilaku. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa keputusan pasien DM-2 dalam menggunakan pengobatan herbal dipengaruhi oleh sejumlah faktor, antara lain tingkat pendidikan, usia, jenis kelamin, keyakinan terhadap efektivitas herbal, pengalaman pribadi dan keluarga, persepsi risiko terhadap obat kimia, pengaruh budaya dan agama, serta akses informasi dari komunitas dan media sosial. Jenis herbal yang umum digunakan meliputi bawang putih, jahe, daun insulin, dan kencur, dengan pola konsumsi yang bervariasi antar wilayah. Studi juga mencatat adanya persepsi positif terhadap efektivitas herbal, meskipun sebagian besar penggunaan dilakukan tanpa pengawasan medis. Tinjauan ini memberikan pemahaman komprehensif mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku penggunaan pengobatan herbal pada pasien DM-2. Temuan ini penting sebagai dasar bagi praktisi kesehatan dan pembuat kebijakan untuk mengembangkan pendekatan edukatif dan regulasi yang lebih kontekstual dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan serta preferensi pasien.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30633/jsm.v8i2.3361

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